fMRIの進歩

That of non-elucidated How can often、It is also true that also in progress study of the storage of the individual level。During this much 20 years、fMRI（functional　Magnetic　Resonance　Imaging:In Advances in functional magnetic resonance imaging)、Activity of the brains of humans and higher animals has become to be able to fairly imaging。When given any task、Place called How is the activation of the brain has been found to fine level。
MRI is、We do not only have seen the changes in the cerebral blood flow、It is a useful information it will be imaged。However、space、There is also a time resolution of the problem。now、The average value we look at the blood flow rate in the number of best fMRI even thousands of the order of nerve cells。The subject electrophysiology investigate the reaction by a method such as applying the electrodes to the nerve cells、10 from one nerve cell、100Level is of individual units。The average value of a large number of nerve cells tens of thousands、Because the truth is there a problem of what is not not know of or is happening、from now on、Improvements I think that it is necessary to increase the resolution。

Intervention in the activities of the brain with a magnetic,,ja,Currently, as a large flow of brain science, not only to image the activity of the brain, is that to be able to intervene in the activities of the brain.,,ja,TMS to stimulate the brain with magnetic (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation,,ja

The current、As a large flow of brain science、Not only to image the activity of the brain、Is that was able to intervene in the activities of the brain。
磁気で脳を刺激するTMS（Transcranial　Magnetic　Stimulation:Transcranial magnetic stimulation method)、It has been applied in clinical practice, such as rehabilitation after stroke。
When the language test after applying a magnetic to the language area of ​​human、Also known, such as that or have clearly fallen results。Toka not remember a new word and does not work the location of the nerve cells、Or that you can not recall even remember、I think that kind of cause-and-effect relationship has been clear。However、Because there is still bad resolution、me too、It takes hope to technical improvements。

Light genetics is expected as a means of intervention,ja

The method of the powerful intervention to another brain is light genetics (Optogenetics)。Although is is a strange name because light genetics、Since utilizing the gene of the protein which activates when exposed to light、It was named。In genetic techniques a protein that reacts to light、This was expressed in the nerve cell to be examined。And shed light on the nerve cell、Only the nerve cells firing、It is not working。vice versa、You can also only nerve cells that are shed light to so that the fall fire。
Although light genetics is a high hurdle for application to humans、monkey、mouse、In experiments such as rat、It can ignite only really nerve cell population was aimed in the brain。For example,、With the mouse、To express this protein in nerve cells that appear to have the function of awakening、When exposed to light and keep to its activity fall、At the moment that shed light、It will occur violent phenomenon that Corot fall asleep。
Intervention in the brain by magnetism、But it can be applied to humans、Resolution is overwhelmingly bad is a disadvantage。Although light genetics are limited to animal experiments、time、It is advantageous in terms of high spatial resolution。For example,、Where what engram of time in memory that the first can be in hippocampal neurons、Or to move from the hippocampus to another place at any time is、It says that came into the era that can be studied in the light genetics technique。
In TMS and light genetics、Is a situation that the research means of the individual level of the brain has entered the hand barely。Until now、Or destroy the location of the nerve cells of the brain、Because it was the intervention in or injecting drugs、How can could only intervene in the activities of greater than or equal to the number of population of nerve cells、It has come to be able to intervene in a pin-point the nerve cells in the brain。
Also we are trying to use a light genetics in my research。Current research Ya sections of the brain, such as a mouse、Using cultured cells、For example, we have seen such as the increase or decrease of the AMPA receptor、It will really need to check to see whether are connected directly to the memory of the short and medium term of the individual level。Just、At the moment when the mouse is trying to remember something、You may be able to increase or decrease directly the number of AMPA receptors by light irradiation。

Where is the ego,ja

Of individual level studies、Non-invasive of the image Ya、To say that advanced by intervention、It you want to know we really、For example,、Consciousness in what mechanism、When and where is such as whether it is formed by involved、Currently not little is known。In fMRI、When consciousness anesthetized to the subject may be lost、Or when awakened from anesthesia、Fell where the activity of which part of the brain、Or either activated、Although you will see a change in blood flow、Whether that it is conscious or just awakening of the、There is a place where indistinguishable。
If a problem like that or ego where to find the、It will be more difficult。The brain、Since always considered from the structure have checked the entire high-order some、Although it will be or thought that eventually do ego of the、Not only to the inference。In order not to barren these discussions、What it is necessary to clarify in the experiment or barren and will not be。After all、I think it does not know when he does not have to be able to safely intervene in a non-invasive to the human brain activity。As long as such means、I much want to look to yourself to the bench。
I、Although the entrance was Psychosomatic Medicine、It entered the neurophysiology、Level of study、It went rapidly down to the molecular level of micro。from now on、I do not know what Ikeru raised to individual level of macro far、Also for the application of clinical to such、I would like to connect the micro and macro。 <2016.03>

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